The harbingers of revolution were already there.
Hungary's uprising in 1956. The Prague Spring of 1968. The birth of Solidarity in 1980. But what happened in 1989 was unique. This time, the revolutions were actually successful. Moscow's empire and the division of Europe were swept aside inside a year.
In a new series, a team of correspondents from RFE/RL -- which was on the scene 10 years ago with historic coverage -- examines the fall of communism in Eastern and Central Europe and assesses the challenges facing the struggling democracies. |
Overview
The East: Ten Years After 1989--The Revolutions That Brought Down Communism
By Jeremy Bransten
The East: Ten Years Later, Central Europe's Economic Vision Still Unrealized
By Breffni O'Rourke
The East: Ten Years After 1989--Euphoria Replaced By Disillusionment And Caution
By Jeremy Bransten
The East: Genscher Says 1989 Was 'Deeply European Year'
By Breffni O'Rourke
East/West: Soros Says Transition From Closed To Open Society Imperfect
By Jefim Fistein
East/West Germany
Germany: How The Wall Came Down: Part One -- The Exodus
By Jolyon Naegele
Germany: How the Wall Came Down Part Two -- The Politics
By Jolyon Naegele
Ten Years After -- The East German Trabant
By Jolyon Naegele
Germany: Historian Culls Stasi Archives
By Jolyon Naegele
Germany: Dresden Museum Remembers GDR
By Jolyon Naegele
Germany/Poland: Goerlitz Remains A Divided City
By Jolyon Naegele
Ten Years After: Germany's Lusatian Sorbs Determined To Survive
By Jolyon Naegele
Poland
Poland: Inevitable Fall Of Communism Began Ten Years Ago
By Jan de Weydenthal
Poland: We Won The War But Not The Peace, Says Walesa
By Kitty McKinsey
Poland: Anti-Communist Movement Showed The Way
By Jefim Fistein
Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic: The Velvet Revolution: A Chronology
By Jolyon Naegele
Czech Republic: The Velvet Revolution -- The Legacy of 1968
By Jolyon Naegele
Czech Republic: The Velvet Revolution -- External Factors
By Jolyon Naegele
Czech Republic: The Velvet Revolution -- The Dissipation of Fear
By Jolyon Naegele
Czech Republic: The Velvet Revolution -- The Road to Freedom
By Jolyon Naegele
Czech Republic: Former Leaders Argue Over Meaning Of 1989
By Jeremy Bransten
Czech Republic: Former Leaders Differ On Meaning Of 1989
By Jeremy Bransten
Hungary
Hungary: Ten Years After Communism
By Jolyon Naegele
Bulgaria
Bulgaria: 'Revolution' Was Coup Within Communist Party
By Ron Synovitz
Bulgaria: Communism Has Stumbled, Not Fallen
By Anthony Georgieff
The Baltic States
Baltics: Three Republics Regained Independence With Fall Of Communism
By Breffni O'Rourke
The Soviet Union
USSR: The Year 1989 Foreshadowed The Fall
By Jeremy Bransten
Romania
Romania in 1989: The Bloody Revolution, Part 1
By Jeremy Bransten
Ten Years After: Romania's Bloody Revolution, Part 2
By Jeremy Bransten
Romania's Bloody Revolution, Part 3: Lingering Questions
By Jeremy Bransten
Romania's Bloody Revolution, Part 4: Iliescu's Story
By Jeremy Bransten
Ten Years After: Romania's Bloody Revolution, Part 5 - The Aftermath
By Jeremy Bransten
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Listen
to audio clips from RFE/RL's archives:
East Germany
"Stasi Raus!", 9/89
Demonstrators, 10/89
Egon Krenz on Reunification 11/89
Stefan Heym addresses a rally, 11/4/89
The borders are open, 11/9/89
"I can't believe I'm here!", 11/89
USSR
Gorbachev: "We have renounced the monopoly of truth", 12/89
Romania
Demonstrators in Timisoara
Ceaucescu trial excerpts
Romanian TV announces execution of the Ceaucescus
Hungary
Matyas Szuros proclaims the Republic of Hungary, 10/23/89
Poland
Lech Walesa: We won the war but not the peace, 10/22/99
Czech Republic
Demonstrators in Prague, 11/17/89
Marta Kubisova sings "Prayer for Marta," 11/25/89
Dubcek announces Havel as next president of Czechoslovakia, 11/29/89
Havel accepts the presidency, 11/29/89
How To Listen
These daily on-demand and FTP files are in RealAudio format. You need the RealPlayer to listen.
To get the free G2 RealPlayer, go to RealNetworks Player page
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